D

Based on von Neumann's idea of a **"stored-program**" which is a program that keeps its instructions, as well as its data, in random access memory (RAM)." Simple Stored digital computers took the place of "program-controlled computers" like the ENIAC. "Von Neumann was involved in the Manhattan Project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, which... drew him to the project, in the summer of 1944. There he joined into the ongoing discussions on the design of this stored-program computer, the EDVAC. As part of that group, he volunteered to write up a description of it. The term "von Neumann architecture" arose from von Neumann's paper //First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC// dated 30 June 1945, which included ideas from Eckert and Mauchly." Retrieved on 4/29/09 from []
 * __Simple Stored Programs[[image:280px-Von_Neumann_architecture_svg.png]]__**

This design also allows for the program to modify itself while it is running and for the computer to treat the instructions themselves as another form of data. The ENIAC which was a fixed program computer could take up to 3 weeks to set up a new program. ** "Early von Neumann-architecture computers ** The //First Draft// described a design that was used by many universities and corporations to construct their computers.[12] Among these various computers, only ILLIAC and ORDVAC had compatible instruction sets.
 * ORDVAC (U-Illinois) at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland (completed Nov 1951[13])
 * IAS Machine at Princeton University (Jan 1952)
 * MANIAC at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (Mar 1952)
 * ILLIAC at the University of Illinois, (Sept 1952)
 * AVIDAC at Argonne National Laboratory (1953)
 * ORACLE at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (Jun 1953)
 * JOHNNIAC at RAND Corporation (Jan 1954)
 * BESK in Stockholm
 * BESM in Moscow
 * DASK in Denmark
 * PERM in Munich
 * SILLIAC in Sydney (1956?)
 * WEIZAC in Rehovoth "

[]